开学后警惕学生人群秋季常见病高发 儿科专家提醒科学应对|久久国产精品久久精品国产
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中新网天津9月5日电 (江莹)“开学后,由夏季进入秋季,气温逐渐下降、早晚温差增大,加上生活、学习节奏加快、校园人员密集,孩子容易出现多种健康问题。从临床接诊数据来看,秋季儿童高发疾病及常见健康问题主要集中在呼吸道疾病、消化道疾病、适应障碍引发的健康问题。”5日,天津市卫生健康委员会召开“季节与健康”(秋季)新闻发布会,天津医科大学总医院儿科医学中心主任,主任医师、教授郑荣秀在会上针对三类高发疾病和常见健康问题提出建议,并提醒家长重点关注、科学应对。
呼吸道感染性疾病中以普通感冒、流感、支原体肺炎最为常见。临床中,这类疾病多表现为发热、咽痛、咳嗽。若孩子症状较轻、体温低于38.5℃,可通过温水擦浴、多喝温热水及注意休息缓解;超过38.5℃或之前有过抽搐史,应及时给予退烧药物,避免高热惊厥,推荐布洛芬及对乙酰氨基酚退热。同时要注意,流感与普通感冒症状相似,但症状较重,且传染性更强,若孩子出现持续高热不退、精神萎靡、咳嗽加重或呼吸困难,需尽快就医排查,避免延误治疗。对于过敏体质的孩子,容易出现打喷嚏、流鼻涕、鼻塞、眼痒等过敏性症状,有哮喘史的孩子,家长应注意防范,患儿应随身带好哮喘发作控制和缓解药物等。
秋季腹泻(轮状病毒感染、诺如病毒感染)、细菌性肠炎也是秋季开学季的高发病。若孩子出现食欲不佳、呕吐、腹泻、腹痛等症状,或伴随低热、乏力。要暂停油腻、生冷食物,改为米粥、面汤等易消化饮食,减轻肠胃负担;若腹泻次数多或呕吐频繁,需补充口服补液盐,少量多次饮用,预防脱水。特别提示,若孩子出现尿量明显减少(如4-6小时无尿)、口唇干燥、精神差,或腹泻伴随大便带血、持续高热,需立即就医,避免发展为重度脱水或电解质紊乱。
此外,刚开学孩子因为作息改变、学习紧张等容易引发情绪焦虑,有的孩子出现头痛、腹痛、乏力、食欲不振,甚至频繁眨眼、清嗓子等症状,但体格检查及化验均没有明显异常,通常称为“心身反应”,或“心理、情绪障碍的躯体症状”。这类适应障碍引发的健康问题容易被忽视,家长需与孩子密切沟通,一起制定作息计划、保证睡眠时间、睡前陪伴沟通缓解孩子焦虑;若症状持续超过1周,建议带孩子到儿科或心理科咨询,排除器质性疾病的同时,帮助孩子调整心理状态。(完)
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