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aizibing（AIDS），quanchenghuodexingmianyiquexianzonghezheng，shiyourenleimianyiquexianbingdu（HIV）yinqideyizhongyanzhongjibing。HIVtongguogongjihepohuairentidemianyixitong，shiganranzhedemianyilijiangdi，zuizhongkenengdaozhiaizibingdefasheng。aizibingbeirenweishiyizhongquanqiuxinggonggongweishengwenti，yingxiangleshubaiwanrendeshenghuo。shouxian，aizibingdechuanbotujingzhuyaoyousanzhong：xingchuanbo、xueyechuanbohemuyingchuanbo。xingchuanboshizuichangjiandexingshi，baokuotongguowubaohudexingjiaoganranbingdu。xueyechuanbozebaokuogongyongzhenjuhuotongguoshuxueganran，muyingchuanbozeshizhizaihuaiyun、fenmianhuoburuqijian，bingducongmutichuanbogeiyinger。lejiezhexiechuanbotujingduiyuyufangaizibingzhiguanzhongyao。qici，aizibingdezaoqizhengzhuangkenengbumingxian，dansuizhebingqingfazhan，huanzhehuichuxianyixiliejiankangwenti，baokuochixudefare、tizhongjianqing、linbajiezhongdadeng。dangmianyixitongshoudaoyanzhongsunhaishi，huanzhejiyiganrangezhongjihuixingjibing，rufeijiehe、kaboxirouliudeng，zhexiebingfazhengchangchangdaozhihuanzhedesiwang。aizibingmuqianshangwugenzhidefangfa，danyixuejieyijingyanfachukangnizhuanlubingduzhiliao（ART），nenggouyouxiaoyizhiHIVbingdudefuzhi，tigaohuanzhedeshenghuozhiliangheshouming。tongguojishidejianceheguifandezhiliao，HIVganranzhewanquankeyiguoshangjiankang、zhengchangdeshenghuo。ciwai，yufangcuoshirushiyonganquantao、jinxingdingqijiance、yijiduigaofengxianrenqunjinxingganyujiaoyu，doushikongzhiaizibingchuanbodezhongyaoshouduan。shehuiduiaizibingderenzhihetaiduyezaizhujiangaishan。guoqu，aizibing艾(ai)滋(zi)病(bing)（(（)A(A)I(I)D(D)S(S)）(）)，(，)全(quan)称(cheng)获(huo)得(de)性(xing)免(mian)疫(yi)缺(que)陷(xian)综(zong)合(he)症(zheng)，(，)是(shi)由(you)人(ren)类(lei)免(mian)疫(yi)缺(que)陷(xian)病(bing)毒(du)（(（)H(H)I(I)V(V)）(）)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)一(yi)种(zhong)严(yan)重(zhong)疾(ji)病(bing)。(。)H(H)I(I)V(V)通(tong)过(guo)攻(gong)击(ji)和(he)破(po)坏(huai)人(ren)体(ti)的(de)免(mian)疫(yi)系(xi)统(tong)，(，)使(shi)感(gan)染(ran)者(zhe)的(de)免(mian)疫(yi)力(li)降(jiang)低(di)，(，)最(zui)终(zhong)可(ke)能(neng)导(dao)致(zhi)艾(ai)滋(zi)病(bing)的(de)发(fa)生(sheng)。(。)艾(ai)滋(zi)病(bing)被(bei)认(ren)为(wei)是(shi)一(yi)种(zhong)全(quan)球(qiu)性(xing)公(gong)共(gong)卫(wei)生(sheng)问(wen)题(ti)，(，)影(ying)响(xiang)了(le)数(shu)百(bai)万(wan)人(ren)的(de)生(sheng)活(huo)。(。)首(shou)先(xian)，(，)艾(ai)滋(zi)病(bing)的(de)传(chuan)播(bo)途(tu)径(jing)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)三(san)种(zhong)：(：)性(xing)传(chuan)播(bo)、(、)血(xue)液(ye)传(chuan)播(bo)和(he)母(mu)婴(ying)传(chuan)播(bo)。(。)性(xing)传(chuan)播(bo)是(shi)最(zui)常(chang)见(jian)的(de)形(xing)式(shi)，(，)包(bao)括(kuo)通(tong)过(guo)无(wu)保(bao)护(hu)的(de)性(xing)交(jiao)感(gan)染(ran)病(bing)毒(du)。(。)血(xue)液(ye)传(chuan)播(bo)则(ze)包(bao)括(kuo)共(gong)用(yong)针(zhen)具(ju)或(huo)通(tong)过(guo)输(shu)血(xue)感(gan)染(ran)，(，)母(mu)婴(ying)传(chuan)播(bo)则(ze)是(shi)指(zhi)在(zai)怀(huai)孕(yun)、(、)分(fen)娩(mian)或(huo)哺(bu)乳(ru)期(qi)间(jian)，(，)病(bing)毒(du)从(cong)母(mu)体(ti)传(chuan)播(bo)给(gei)婴(ying)儿(er)。(。)了(le)解(jie)这(zhe)些(xie)传(chuan)播(bo)途(tu)径(jing)对(dui)于(yu)预(yu)防(fang)艾(ai)滋(zi)病(bing)至(zhi)关(guan)重(zhong)要(yao)。(。)其(qi)次(ci)，(，)艾(ai)滋(zi)病(bing)的(de)早(zao)期(qi)症(zheng)状(zhuang)可(ke)能(neng)不(bu)明(ming)显(xian)，(，)但(dan)随(sui)着(zhe)病(bing)情(qing)发(fa)展(zhan)，(，)患(huan)者(zhe)会(hui)出(chu)现(xian)一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)健(jian)康(kang)问(wen)题(ti)，(，)包(bao)括(kuo)持(chi)续(xu)的(de)发(fa)热(re)、(、)体(ti)重(zhong)减(jian)轻(qing)、(、)淋(lin)巴(ba)结(jie)肿(zhong)大(da)等(deng)。(。)当(dang)免(mian)疫(yi)系(xi)统(tong)受(shou)到(dao)严(yan)重(zhong)损(sun)害(hai)时(shi)，(，)患(huan)者(zhe)极(ji)易(yi)感(gan)染(ran)各(ge)种(zhong)机(ji)会(hui)性(xing)疾(ji)病(bing)，(，)如(ru)肺(fei)结(jie)核(he)、(、)卡(ka)波(bo)西(xi)肉(rou)瘤(liu)等(deng)，(，)这(zhe)些(xie)并(bing)发(fa)症(zheng)常(chang)常(chang)导(dao)致(zhi)患(huan)者(zhe)的(de)死(si)亡(wang)。(。)艾(ai)滋(zi)病(bing)目(mu)前(qian)尚(shang)无(wu)根(gen)治(zhi)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)，(，)但(dan)医(yi)学(xue)界(jie)已(yi)经(jing)研(yan)发(fa)出(chu)抗(kang)逆(ni)转(zhuan)录(lu)病(bing)毒(du)治(zhi)疗(liao)（(（)A(A)R(R)T(T)）(）)，(，)能(neng)够(gou)有(you)效(xiao)抑(yi)制(zhi)H(H)I(I)V(V)病(bing)毒(du)的(de)复(fu)制(zhi)，(，)提(ti)高(gao)患(huan)者(zhe)的(de)生(sheng)活(huo)质(zhi)量(liang)和(he)寿(shou)命(ming)。(。)通(tong)过(guo)及(ji)时(shi)的(de)检(jian)测(ce)和(he)规(gui)范(fan)的(de)治(zhi)疗(liao)，(，)H(H)I(I)V(V)感(gan)染(ran)者(zhe)完(wan)全(quan)可(ke)以(yi)过(guo)上(shang)健(jian)康(kang)、(、)正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)生(sheng)活(huo)。(。)此(ci)外(wai)，(，)预(yu)防(fang)措(cuo)施(shi)如(ru)使(shi)用(yong)安(an)全(quan)套(tao)、(、)进(jin)行(xing)定(ding)期(qi)检(jian)测(ce)、(、)以(yi)及(ji)对(dui)高(gao)风(feng)险(xian)人(ren)群(qun)进(jin)行(xing)干(gan)预(yu)教(jiao)育(yu)，(，)都(dou)是(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)艾(ai)滋(zi)病(bing)传(chuan)播(bo)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)手(shou)段(duan)。(。)社(she)会(hui)对(dui)艾(ai)滋(zi)病(bing)的(de)认(ren)知(zhi)和(he)态(tai)度(du)也(ye)在(zai)逐(zhu)渐(jian)改(gai)善(shan)。(。)过(guo)去(qu)，(，)艾(ai)滋(zi)病(bing)