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中新网沈阳11月28日电 (王涵 韩浩天)冬季气候干燥,皮肤干燥瘙痒问题随之进入高发期,各大医院皮肤科门诊就诊量有所增加。中国医科大学附属第一医院皮肤科副教授、硕士生导师张立明在接受采访时深入解析了冬季皮肤问题的成因,并为公众提供了科学的家庭护理方案与明确的就医指引。
张立明指出,冬季气候干燥,人体皮脂腺与汗腺分泌减少,导致皮肤的天然保湿屏障功能下降,从而引发干燥、瘙痒等一系列问题。其中老年人因皮肤萎缩,而儿童因皮脂腺结构和功能尚未发育完善,成为最易受影响的两大群体。她提醒道:“当皮肤出现干燥、紧绷、脱皮、瘙痒甚至皲裂时,就是皮肤发出的‘求救信号’。”
针对如何有效进行家庭护理,张立明强调了“科学的沐浴”与“精准的保湿”两大核心原则。她建议,沐浴时应使用温水,时间控制在10分钟以内,并选择温和、无皂基的沐浴产品。沐浴后,应在皮肤尚带微湿的3分钟内,立即全身足量涂抹保湿剂以锁住水分。在保湿产品的选择上,应优先考虑不含香精色素、封闭性更强的医用霜剂或膏剂,每日至少使用两次,并对小腿、手臂等易干燥部位重点加厚涂抹。此外,存在这类干燥、瘙痒皮肤问题的老人和儿童应避免搓澡,选择宽松柔软的棉质贴身衣物。
张立明同时指出,科学的家庭护理需要以对‘就医红线’的清晰认知为前提。她提醒护理者,必须学会识别感染、渗出、剧烈瘙痒或护理无效等危险信号。当这些情况出现时,意味着病情可能已超出家庭处理能力,必须及时寻求专业医疗帮助,以免延误治疗。那么,如何判断何时必须就医?张立明明确提出了四条“就医红线”:一是出现明显感染迹象,如皮损处有脓液、黄痂,或伴有发热等全身症状;二是皮损性质改变与范围失控,如出现水疱、糜烂、迅速扩散或皮下出血点;三是剧烈且无法缓解的瘙痒,严重影响睡眠和日常生活;四是足量正确使用保湿剂一周后无效,症状持续加重。
张立明强调,一旦触及上述任何一条“红线”,都应立即寻求专业医疗帮助,避免延误病情。公众通过科学的预防和正确的护理,可以有效缓解冬季皮肤干燥瘙痒,同时应保持警觉,学会识别就医信号。(完)
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