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**liduokayin：xiandaiyixuede“mazuixiaozhushou”**liduokayin（Lidocaine）shiyizhongchangyongdejubumazuiyaowu，guangfanyingyongyuyixuelingyu。zuoweiyizhonganjixiananleidemazuiji，tadezhuyaogongnengshizanshizuduanshenjingchuandao，congerjianqinghuoxiaochutengtong。zhezhongyaowuzi20shiji40niandaiwenshiyilai，jiubeiguangfanyingyongyuwaikeshoushu、yakezhiliaoyijiqitaxuduoxuyaojianqingtengtongdeyiliaocaozuozhong。liduokayindezuoyongjizhixiangduijiandan。tatongguozuduanshenjingxibaomoshangdenatongdao，yanhuanshenjingchongdongdechuanbo，shidexinhaowufachuandidaodanao，congershixianmazuixiaoguo。zhezhongyaowuzaijubuyingyongshi，tongchangnenggouxunsuqixiao，xiaoguochixushijianyibanwei1dao2xiaoshi，genjujutishiyongdejilianghefangshi，kenenghuiyousuobutong。chulezuoweimazuiji，liduokayinhaichangyongyuzhiliaomouxiexinlvshichang。zaizhezhongqingkuangxia，takeyitongguoyizhixinzangzhongdeyichangdianhuodong，bangzhuhuifuzhengchangdexinlv。ciwai，liduokayinhaibeiyongyuhuanjieyixiemanxingtengtongzhengzhuang，rudaizhuangpaozhenhoudeshenjingtongdeng。liduokayindeshiyongsuirananquanxingjiaogao，danrengxuzaiyishengzhidaoxiashiyong。yixiehuanzhekenenghuiduiliduokayinchanshengguominfanying，huozaishiyongguochengzhongchuxianfuzuoyong，rutouyun、exindeng。yinci，zaijinxingrenheyiliaochengxuqian，lejiezijideguominlishiyijixianyoujiankangzhuangkuangshizhiguanzhongyaode。zongdelaishuo，liduokayinyiqixianzhudemazuixiaoguoheguangfandeshiyongxing，chengweixiandaiyixuezhongbukehuoquedezhongyaoyaowuzhiyi。zairichangyiliaozhong，*(*)*(*)利(li)多(duo)卡(ka)因(yin)：(：)现(xian)代(dai)医(yi)学(xue)的(de)“(“)麻(ma)醉(zui)小(xiao)助(zhu)手(shou)”(”)*(*)*(*)利(li)多(duo)卡(ka)因(yin)（(（)L(L)i(i)d(d)o(o)c(c)a(a)i(i)n(n)e(e)）(）)是(shi)一(yi)种(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)局(ju)部(bu)麻(ma)醉(zui)药(yao)物(wu)，(，)广(guang)泛(fan)应(ying)用(yong)于(yu)医(yi)学(xue)领(ling)域(yu)。(。)作(zuo)为(wei)一(yi)种(zhong)氨(an)基(ji)酰(xian)胺(an)类(lei)的(de)麻(ma)醉(zui)剂(ji)，(，)它(ta)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)功(gong)能(neng)是(shi)暂(zan)时(shi)阻(zu)断(duan)神(shen)经(jing)传(chuan)导(dao)，(，)从(cong)而(er)减(jian)轻(qing)或(huo)消(xiao)除(chu)疼(teng)痛(tong)。(。)这(zhe)种(zhong)药(yao)物(wu)自(zi)2(2)0世(shi)纪(ji)4(4)0年(nian)代(dai)问(wen)世(shi)以(yi)来(lai)，(，)就(jiu)被(bei)广(guang)泛(fan)应(ying)用(yong)于(yu)外(wai)科(ke)手(shou)术(shu)、(、)牙(ya)科(ke)治(zhi)疗(liao)以(yi)及(ji)其(qi)他(ta)许(xu)多(duo)需(xu)要(yao)减(jian)轻(qing)疼(teng)痛(tong)的(de)医(yi)疗(liao)操(cao)作(zuo)中(zhong)。(。)利(li)多(duo)卡(ka)因(yin)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)机(ji)制(zhi)相(xiang)对(dui)简(jian)单(dan)。(。)它(ta)通(tong)过(guo)阻(zu)断(duan)神(shen)经(jing)细(xi)胞(bao)膜(mo)上(shang)的(de)钠(na)通(tong)道(dao)，(，)延(yan)缓(huan)神(shen)经(jing)冲(chong)动(dong)的(de)传(chuan)播(bo)，(，)使(shi)得(de)信(xin)号(hao)无(wu)法(fa)传(chuan)递(di)到(dao)大(da)脑(nao)，(，)从(cong)而(er)实(shi)现(xian)麻(ma)醉(zui)效(xiao)果(guo)。(。)这(zhe)种(zhong)药(yao)物(wu)在(zai)局(ju)部(bu)应(ying)用(yong)时(shi)，(，)通(tong)常(chang)能(neng)够(gou)迅(xun)速(su)起(qi)效(xiao)，(，)效(xiao)果(guo)持(chi)续(xu)时(shi)间(jian)一(yi)般(ban)为(wei)1(1)到(dao)2(2)小(xiao)时(shi)，(，)根(gen)据(ju)具(ju)体(ti)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)剂(ji)量(liang)和(he)方(fang)式(shi)，(，)可(ke)能(neng)会(hui)有(you)所(suo)不(bu)同(tong)。(。)除(chu)了(le)作(zuo)为(wei)麻(ma)醉(zui)剂(ji)，(，)利(li)多(duo)卡(ka)因(yin)还(hai)常(chang)用(yong)于(yu)治(zhi)疗(liao)某(mou)些(xie)心(xin)律(lv)失(shi)常(chang)。(。)在(zai)这(zhe)种(zhong)情(qing)况(kuang)下(xia)，(，)它(ta)可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)过(guo)抑(yi)制(zhi)心(xin)脏(zang)中(zhong)的(de)异(yi)常(chang)电(dian)活(huo)动(dong)，(，)帮(bang)助(zhu)恢(hui)复(fu)正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)心(xin)率(lv)。(。)此(ci)外(wai)，(，)利(li)多(duo)卡(ka)因(yin)还(hai)被(bei)用(yong)于(yu)缓(huan)解(jie)一(yi)些(xie)慢(man)性(xing)疼(teng)痛(tong)症(zheng)状(zhuang)，(，)如(ru)带(dai)状(zhuang)疱(pao)疹(zhen)后(hou)的(de)神(shen)经(jing)痛(tong)等(deng)。(。)利(li)多(duo)卡(ka)因(yin)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)虽(sui)然(ran)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)较(jiao)高(gao)，(，)但(dan)仍(reng)需(xu)在(zai)医(yi)生(sheng)指(zhi)导(dao)下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)。(。)一(yi)些(xie)患(huan)者(zhe)可(ke)能(neng)会(hui)对(dui)利(li)多(duo)卡(ka)因(yin)产(chan)生(sheng)过(guo)敏(min)反(fan)应(ying)，(，)或(huo)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)过(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)出(chu)现(xian)副(fu)作(zuo)用(yong)，(，)如(ru)头(tou)晕(yun)、(、)恶(e)心(xin)等(deng)。(。)因(yin)此(ci)，(，)在(zai)进(jin)行(xing)任(ren)何(he)医(yi)疗(liao)程(cheng)序(xu)前(qian)，(，)了(le)解(jie)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)过(guo)敏(min)历(li)史(shi)以(yi)及(ji)现(xian)有(you)健(jian)康(kang)状(zhuang)况(kuang)是(shi)至(zhi)关(guan)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)。(。)总(zong)的(de)来(lai)说(shuo)，(，)利(li)多(duo)卡(ka)因(yin)以(yi)其(qi)显(xian)著(zhu)的(de)麻(ma)醉(zui)效(xiao)果(guo)和(he)广(guang)泛(fan)的(de)适(shi)用(yong)性(xing)，(，)成(cheng)为(wei)现(xian)代(dai)医(yi)学(xue)中(zhong)不(bu)可(ke)或(huo)缺(que)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)药(yao)物(wu)之(zhi)一(yi)。(。)在(zai)日(ri)常(chang)医(yi)疗(liao)中(zhong)，(，)