小暑:执扇摇凉送清风|成人免费视频一区二区三区
“薰风愠解引新凉,小暑神清夏日长。”7月7日迎来小暑节气。烈日炎炎,执扇摇凉,清风徐来,亦有雅趣。
“收则折叠,用则撒开,折撒自如”,一把折扇集诗、书、画、雕等艺术形式于一体,体现了中国传统工艺的精华。明清两代是扇文化的鼎盛时期,许多大大小小的扇面上留下了珍贵的墨迹,其中一字一画的扇面形式在清代广泛流行,被称为“书画合璧”。
这件设色山水洒金笺折扇,扇面为永瑢模仿清初“四王”王翚《山水画册》所绘的设色山水图,背面为雪花金笺楷书体。全扇有13根小骨和2根大骨,共15根扇骨。其小骨由乌木和竹两种材质合并而成;大骨表面用“平地留青”雕刻法,以篆书体刻李白的五言诗句。是集绘画书法与竹木牙雕大成之作,具有珍贵的历史信息与艺术价值。
由于折扇大多由纸、竹、木、牙、角等有机类材质组成,因此极易霉变、虫蛀、脆化折断,多种材料的使用也为折扇的修复带来新的挑战。
这件折扇的小扇骨残损严重,折扇的合骨部分木-竹分离,小骨朽化缺失,横纵向呈不规则断裂。因此,其最大的挑战就在于扇骨的修复。以往修复折扇有两种方法:第一弃扇骨,将折扇扇面保留,改装成册页或镜片保存;第二修复扇面后,配一把全新的扇骨。但是南京博物院的专家想尝试第三种方法——修复扇骨,还原折扇的初始原状。
将扇骨清洗、分类整理后,专家根据扇骨的特有属性,对应每个扇骨不同的损伤程度,采用了“贴肉、续筋”法,“贴肉”指在粘胶处背面覆一层皮纸贴扇骨上,给予它衬托力,粘接固定;“续筋”指利用扇骨本身的脱落残片刻成丝状再加固于皮纸之上。这样既不缩短扇骨总长度,又不增加扇骨厚度,以达到恢复扇骨的受力点,便于日后在展陈中打开合拢,还原折扇本身的承风能力。
接下来就是将残断、补缺的扇骨粘合还原。此前通常的办法是将断裂处进行对接粘合。缺点是粘得太薄容易脱胶,太厚则会破坏了扇骨原状,难以扦插扇面。为了解决这一难题,专家从中国传统古建营造技术获得了灵感,大胆采用“榫卯”与“燕尾”这种构件连接方式,新旧扇骨严密镶合不仅增加了粘接强度,而且不影响扇骨的厚度及长度,达到折扇还原的目的。
“一两黄金修一把扇”,小小折扇不仅是中国文人书画与工艺美的完美结合,还让千年文脉在时光流转中焕发新生。
**biaoti:guanyu“fujinyiyuan”dezhongyaoxing**zaixiandaishehui,yiyuanzuoweiyiliaofuwudezhongyaotigongzhe,banyanzhebukehuoquedejiaose。youqishi“fujinyiyuan”decunzai,gengshiguanxidaorenminqunzhongdeshengminganquanyujiankangbaozhang。benwenjiangtantaofujinyiyuandezhongyaoxing,chanshuqizaijijiu、jibingyufanghegonggongweishengzhongdeguanjianzuoyong。shouxian,fujinyiyuanzaijijiuhetufaqingkuangxianenggoutigongjishideyiliaofuwu。dangrenmenzaoyuyiwaishanghaihuojixingbingzhengshi,shijianshiwanjiushengmingdeguanjian。jiujindeyiyuannenggouzaizuiduanshijianneitigongjijiu,quebaohuanzhezaizuichujieduandedaobiyaodezhiliao。liru,zaixinzangbingfazuohuozhongfengdeqingkuangxia,jishidaodayiyuanjinxingqiangjiu,wangwanghuidadatigaohuanzhedeshengcunjilv。yinci,shelilianghaodefujinyiyuanwangluo,duiyutishengzhengtiyiliaoxiaolv、jianshaoshengmingsunshijuyouzhongyaoyiyi。qici,fujinyiyuanzaiyufangjibingdexuanchuanhejiankangjiaoyufangmianyefahuizhezhongyaozuoyong。tongguodingqikaizhanjiankangjianzha、yimiaojiezhonghejiankangzhishipuji,yiyuannenggoubangzhujuminzengqiangjiankangyishi,jiangdijibingdefashenglv。ciwai,fujinyiyuankeyijianlijiankangdangan,tigonggexinghuadejiankangguanlijianyi,zheyouzhuyujumingenghaodilejiezishenjiankangzhuangkuang,zuodaozaoyufang、zaofaxian。zuihou,fujinyiyuanzaiweihugonggongweishengfangmiantongyangbukehuoque。zaiyiqingdaliuxingqijian,shequyiyuanchengdanledaliangdejiancehegeligongzuo,chengweifangkongbingduchuanbodezhongyaoqianxian。tamenbujinweihuanzhetigongzhiliao,haiweishequjiankangtigongbaozhang,tishenggongzhongyingduitufaweishengshijiandenengli。zongshangsuoshu,fujinyiyuanbujinjinshizhiliaojibingdechangsuo,gengshibaohuqunzhongjiankang、weihushehuiwendingdezhongyaojigou。jianshehewanshanfujinyiyuandefuwuwangluo,jiangyouzhuyutisheng*(*)*(*)标(biao)题(ti):(:)关(guan)于(yu)“(“)附(fu)近(jin)医(yi)院(yuan)”(”)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)*(*)*(*)在(zai)现(xian)代(dai)社(she)会(hui),(,)医(yi)院(yuan)作(zuo)为(wei)医(yi)疗(liao)服(fu)务(wu)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)提(ti)供(gong)者(zhe),(,)扮(ban)演(yan)着(zhe)不(bu)可(ke)或(huo)缺(que)的(de)角(jiao)色(se)。(。)尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)“(“)附(fu)近(jin)医(yi)院(yuan)”(”)的(de)存(cun)在(zai),(,)更(geng)是(shi)关(guan)系(xi)到(dao)人(ren)民(min)群(qun)众(zhong)的(de)生(sheng)命(ming)安(an)全(quan)与(yu)健(jian)康(kang)保(bao)障(zhang)。(。)本(ben)文(wen)将(jiang)探(tan)讨(tao)附(fu)近(jin)医(yi)院(yuan)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing),(,)阐(chan)述(shu)其(qi)在(zai)急(ji)救(jiu)、(、)疾(ji)病(bing)预(yu)防(fang)和(he)公(gong)共(gong)卫(wei)生(sheng)中(zhong)的(de)关(guan)键(jian)作(zuo)用(yong)。(。)首(shou)先(xian),(,)附(fu)近(jin)医(yi)院(yuan)在(zai)急(ji)救(jiu)和(he)突(tu)发(fa)情(qing)况(kuang)下(xia)能(neng)够(gou)提(ti)供(gong)及(ji)时(shi)的(de)医(yi)疗(liao)服(fu)务(wu)。(。)当(dang)人(ren)们(men)遭(zao)遇(yu)意(yi)外(wai)伤(shang)害(hai)或(huo)急(ji)性(xing)病(bing)症(zheng)时(shi),(,)时(shi)间(jian)是(shi)挽(wan)救(jiu)生(sheng)命(ming)的(de)关(guan)键(jian)。(。)就(jiu)近(jin)的(de)医(yi)院(yuan)能(neng)够(gou)在(zai)最(zui)短(duan)时(shi)间(jian)内(nei)提(ti)供(gong)急(ji)救(jiu),(,)确(que)保(bao)患(huan)者(zhe)在(zai)最(zui)初(chu)阶(jie)段(duan)得(de)到(dao)必(bi)要(yao)的(de)治(zhi)疗(liao)。(。)例(li)如(ru),(,)在(zai)心(xin)脏(zang)病(bing)发(fa)作(zuo)或(huo)中(zhong)风(feng)的(de)情(qing)况(kuang)下(xia),(,)及(ji)时(shi)到(dao)达(da)医(yi)院(yuan)进(jin)行(xing)抢(qiang)救(jiu),(,)往(wang)往(wang)会(hui)大(da)大(da)提(ti)高(gao)患(huan)者(zhe)的(de)生(sheng)存(cun)几(ji)率(lv)。(。)因(yin)此(ci),(,)设(she)立(li)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)附(fu)近(jin)医(yi)院(yuan)网(wang)络(luo),(,)对(dui)于(yu)提(ti)升(sheng)整(zheng)体(ti)医(yi)疗(liao)效(xiao)率(lv)、(、)减(jian)少(shao)生(sheng)命(ming)损(sun)失(shi)具(ju)有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)意(yi)义(yi)。(。)其(qi)次(ci),(,)附(fu)近(jin)医(yi)院(yuan)在(zai)预(yu)防(fang)疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)宣(xuan)传(chuan)和(he)健(jian)康(kang)教(jiao)育(yu)方(fang)面(mian)也(ye)发(fa)挥(hui)着(zhe)重(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)。(。)通(tong)过(guo)定(ding)期(qi)开(kai)展(zhan)健(jian)康(kang)检(jian)查(zha)、(、)疫(yi)苗(miao)接(jie)种(zhong)和(he)健(jian)康(kang)知(zhi)识(shi)普(pu)及(ji),(,)医(yi)院(yuan)能(neng)够(gou)帮(bang)助(zhu)居(ju)民(min)增(zeng)强(qiang)健(jian)康(kang)意(yi)识(shi),(,)降(jiang)低(di)疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)发(fa)生(sheng)率(lv)。(。)此(ci)外(wai),(,)附(fu)近(jin)医(yi)院(yuan)可(ke)以(yi)建(jian)立(li)健(jian)康(kang)档(dang)案(an),(,)提(ti)供(gong)个(ge)性(xing)化(hua)的(de)健(jian)康(kang)管(guan)理(li)建(jian)议(yi),(,)这(zhe)有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)居(ju)民(min)更(geng)好(hao)地(di)了(le)解(jie)自(zi)身(shen)健(jian)康(kang)状(zhuang)况(kuang),(,)做(zuo)到(dao)早(zao)预(yu)防(fang)、(、)早(zao)发(fa)现(xian)。(。)最(zui)后(hou),(,)附(fu)近(jin)医(yi)院(yuan)在(zai)维(wei)护(hu)公(gong)共(gong)卫(wei)生(sheng)方(fang)面(mian)同(tong)样(yang)不(bu)可(ke)或(huo)缺(que)。(。)在(zai)疫(yi)情(qing)大(da)流(liu)行(xing)期(qi)间(jian),(,)社(she)区(qu)医(yi)院(yuan)承(cheng)担(dan)了(le)大(da)量(liang)的(de)检(jian)测(ce)和(he)隔(ge)离(li)工(gong)作(zuo),(,)成(cheng)为(wei)防(fang)控(kong)病(bing)毒(du)传(chuan)播(bo)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)前(qian)线(xian)。(。)它(ta)们(men)不(bu)仅(jin)为(wei)患(huan)者(zhe)提(ti)供(gong)治(zhi)疗(liao),(,)还(hai)为(wei)社(she)区(qu)健(jian)康(kang)提(ti)供(gong)保(bao)障(zhang),(,)提(ti)升(sheng)公(gong)众(zhong)应(ying)对(dui)突(tu)发(fa)卫(wei)生(sheng)事(shi)件(jian)的(de)能(neng)力(li)。(。)综(zong)上(shang)所(suo)述(shu),(,)附(fu)近(jin)医(yi)院(yuan)不(bu)仅(jin)仅(jin)是(shi)治(zhi)疗(liao)疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)场(chang)所(suo),(,)更(geng)是(shi)保(bao)护(hu)群(qun)众(zhong)健(jian)康(kang)、(、)维(wei)护(hu)社(she)会(hui)稳(wen)定(ding)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)机(ji)构(gou)。(。)建(jian)设(she)和(he)完(wan)善(shan)附(fu)近(jin)医(yi)院(yuan)的(de)服(fu)务(wu)网(wang)络(luo),(,)将(jiang)有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)提(ti)升(sheng)